What is the process of categorizing living organisms based on shared characteristics?

The process of categorizing living organisms based on shared characteristics is known as classification. This scientific practice involves grouping organisms into hierarchical categories that reflect their relationships and similarities, which can include factors such as morphology, genetics, and evolutionary history.

Classification serves several purposes in biology, including aiding in the identification of species, understanding the evolutionary links between different organisms, and facilitating communication among scientists. Typical categories in classification include domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species, forming a system that helps organize the diversity of life.

While the terms organization, grouping, and categorization may refer to similar processes of sorting or arranging items based on certain criteria, they lack the specific scientific context and systematic structure that classification embodies in the context of biological sciences. Therefore, classification is the most appropriate term to describe the systematic approach to categorizing living organisms.